COMPUTER SYSTEMS
HND-CS/Task -01
Introduction
There is no doubt that the computer has become an electronic device that the human kind must have in their day to day life. In this 21st century computer acts a major role in many fields. There is Houses, schools, banks, and hospital, etc. using a computer at all the time
What is a computer?
These amazing device the computer was only used to do mathematical tasks in the beginning then with the imaging technology this device has improved itself and now it is begin used for many tasks.
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1) Business field
2) Medical field
3) Entertainment field
4) Education field
1) Business field
Almost every business uses computers to complete daily tasks. From making contact with clients to inputting data for reports, computers allow businesses a more efficient way to manage affairs when compared to traditional paper and manila folders. computers allow businesses to create websites, stunning ads and complete marketing campaigns. Businesses can completely develop and manage websites with their own severs or connect remotely to a third-party business to upload their latest content such as articles, product image and blog posts.
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Instead of filling cabinets businesses are able to store millions of files using computers and servers. Data can be stored centrally for easy access from multiple computers or stored locally for individual use. Computerized storage saves space and provides a far more efficient organization strategy. With encryption, passwords and replace keys data remains secure.
Business field for (new technology).
Cloud computing is a huge business development, particularly for business with multiple offices or remote employees who aren’t linked by a single physical network. Choosing the right cloud applications and using them to their full potential can help your business stay organized, reduced costs and grow.
Private cloud services
Virtualization, or cloud computing, is trending in business around the world. Small business up to fortune 500 companies. Knowing whether to create a private cloud or buy cloud services and how to use cloud computing to its maximum potential before diving in can make all the difference to your all the business’s success.
Depending on the size and data usage of your business, consider crafting a private cloud. You’ll need to http://www.coda.global/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/june2_large-1100×600.jpg lay out big bucks to install and maintain your own servers for virtualization. The expense and more static nature of a private cloud also make it less adaptable to data usage spikes. Private clouds require homogeneous infrastructure. You’ll likely need to replace certain parts of your system before crafting the cloud.
If you can, and your data needs warrant it, automating your data center into a streamlined cloud makes sense. While larger cloud services may be able to operate more efficiently and require no startup costs, those companies aren’t going to pass their savings onto your business.
Cloud computing helpful apps
• Microsoft sky-drive
• Google drive
• Dropbox
• Prima-desk
• SOS Online backup
• Other apps
2) Medical field
Today Computers are an essential part of hospitals. Doctors and administration staff uses computers to manage patient history and medicine stocks etc. Computers play a key role in the medical field. Their uses include storing patient related data, housing knowledge bases, providing the logic and circuitry for medical equipment, scanning and imaging the body, and facilitating speedy communications. Computers can be used in medical field in the following ways.
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We can computerize the accounting, payroll and stock system of the hospital. We can keep the record of different medicines. Computer can be used to store the medical history of the patients. Medical history is very important for patients as well as doctors. Doctors may better prescribe the medicines on the basis of the medicines used in past for a particular patient and the results obtained. Database Management System software is used to store Patient records efficiently. are stored on computer databases in the medical field. The medical history of a patient includes physical symptoms, diagnoses, treatments, and even family medical history. Details of the medications prescribed are stored together with details of any that cannot be prescribed, such as an allergy to penicillin. Appointments are scheduled using a computer database. Billing information is also stored. Hospitals and surgeries depend on computers for administrative and financial functions.
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Monitoring system
Many computerized devices are used to monitor the blood pressure, heartbeat and brain of the patients. Computers guide in some surgical operations, too. For exp. in laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon inserts the medical tools and a small camera, and conducts the operation with the help of computers and monitors. Computers also monitor heart rates, pulse rates and brain readings. Therefore, we conclude that computers make this possible to deal with such complicated operations. It would be virtually impossible for a human to do this.
3) Entertainment field
Computers started as very simplistic machines for storing and transferring data. Most of these files were text-based reports used in a work environment. As technology advanced, computers became increasingly versatile in what they could do. With the creation of the Internet and faster processors, file sharing and entertainment became a popular use for personal computers everywhere.
Movie industry
Film making is a process of producing a film based on a storyline. Although many people say, a movie is good if it has a successful plot, however, a movie needs also good production in order to be classified as a good movie.
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The history of film making can be traced back to as early as the 17th century, where magic lanterns were used. Back then, films were all made in shades of black and white only. Also, many of the times, special effects are done manually by workers. For example, an explosion, many workers will be needed to install those explosives and to clear up the scene. As time progressed, technology improved the quality of films largely, thus producing colored films. However, such improvements do not halt there. Movie makers and producers worked endlessly to create films that leave people in awe. Therefore, the creations of computer-generated imagery, animation and 3D have been invented and improved. Such creations have moved the movie industry one step forward. Using the same explosion example, compared to last time, with advance computer technologies, such a scene will not require a whole lot of work from the workers. Instead, it can be easily done in the editing room, where editors can easily add special effects into the movie, making it look realistic, but without much hard work.
Animation
Computer animation is considered by many to be actually closer to other animation techniques rather than traditional animation. Often it is compared to stop motion animation, such as puppet animation, that build and manipulate identifiable objects. Other stop motion techniques are Claymation, pinhead animation and sand animation.
In this type of animation, a physical object is manipulated, the camera takes an image of it, the object is manipulated again, another image is taken of it, and the process repeats to produce the animated sequence. Willis O’Brian of King Kong fame is usually considered the dean of stop-action animation. His understudy who went on to do good stuff in his own right was Ray harry (Mighty Joe Young, Jason and the Argonauts).
The National Film Board of Canada is worthy of a special mention for their animation efforts – pinhead, sand, clay, etc. Also, worthy of mention is Zagreb (?) Studios in Yugoslavia. Because of computer animation’s dependence on video technology, it is somewhat related to video art, although most of the time the relationship is viewed in the realm of post-production techniques.
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How Was (AVATAR) Made
The ‘Avatar’ has successfully created a sensation amongst movie lovers with its breathtaking three-dimension technology.
James Cameron, the director of the movie incorporated the technology as well as real human footages into the movie. Computer-generated imagery was used extensively in the movie. He used a technique called the ‘image-based facial performance capture’, which required actors and actresses to put on special headgears called skull caps that were equipped with cameras. As the recording went on, facial expressions and movies were transmitted from the camera to the virtual characters. The movements caught on tape would be six times bigger, which created authenticity in the characters. By using such technology, the facial expressions of the characters can be made to change according to how the dialog was told.
The motion capture technique that animated the expressions of the actor and actresses.
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To do that, a new software called the facial action coding system was created. This software can trace the visualization of facial and muscle movements of the actors and actresses, which can then be animated to created computer-generated images.
The incorporation of computer-generated images into live action footages.
3D was also made easier by motion capture because it allowed film-makers to add special effects as well as direct the angle of camera in. The formats used were Real D 3D, Dolby 3D, X pan 3D and IMAX 3D. With the help of a pair of polarized 3D glasses, the movie created another sensation to be viewers.
Wet a Digital was the visual effects company that worked for the movie. They used Linux-based software to created graphics that made the settings in the movie looked to realistic. The company used one of the world’s largest Linux clusters as the operating system, which produced computer-generated images using 64-bit for 3D modelling.
The filming camera that gives the 3D effects.
Video games
Computer games are a quickly growing market just like all other forms of video games. However, computer games offer a very wide array of possibilities. Computers have access to many peripheral devices such as keyboards, mouse, joysticks, controllers and more. Computer games also are highly customizable because computers can manipulate game files. Examples of this would be creating new levels, characters or graphic files for specific games. In fact, computers are absolutely necessary for programming any sort of new video game.
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Art
Art is something that is readily available online at any moment. Pictures, paintings, poetry and more are just a click away. Popular browsers offer specific image search options to quickly browse through art with a single keyword. Besides general use, computer photo editing programs and animation programs are also the sources behind most movies and professional photographs.
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Music
Computers now have almost unlimited access to any song by any artist. Many website services allow users to purchase individual tracks or albums directly to their computer. Most record labels take advantage of these services to make up for lost revenue from illegal downloading. Although, if users do not wish to purchase music, they can still stream music from many websites free but with advertisements. Computers also open a venue for many amateur musicians in the music industry to record their own music without a professional studio.
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4) Education field
Computers are being used actively in educational institutes to improve the learning process. Teachers can use audio video aids through computer to prepare lesson plans. They can use Microsoft Power Point to prepare electronic presentations about their lectures. These electronic presentations will be displayed on multimedia projectors in class rooms. This will be interesting and easy to learn for students. Multimedia presentations are easy to deliver for teachers.
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Improving student performance
Students who use computers have been shown to attend school more steadily and perform better than students who do not use computers. Along with getting higher grades on exams, students also stated they felt more involved with their lessons and work if they used a computer. Using computers gets students to become more focused on their work at home, in collaborative projects with other students and on their own.
Learning job skills
Students who use computers have been shown to attend school more steadily and perform better than students who do not use computers. Along with getting higher grades on exams, students also stated they felt more involved with their lessons and work if they used a computer. Using computers gets students to become more focused on their work at home, in collaborative projects with other students and on their own.
Education field for (new technology)
Present Education System.
Most of the private educational institutions have become highly dependent on information technology to service their requirements. These service are increasingly provided using internet technologies to faculty and students and accessed from web browsers. The services are offered cheaply or freely or education, often with much higher availability then can be provided by the educational institution.
Cloud Technology.
Cloud computing technology can provide solution for the above mention problems in education system. Cloud computing enables user to control and access data via the Internet. The main users of a typical higher education cloud include students. Faculty, administrative staff, examination branch and admission branch as shown in image all the main users of the institution are connected to the cloud. Separate login is provided for all the users for their respective work. Teachers can upload their class tutorials, assignments, and tests on the cloud server which students will be able to access all the teaching material provided by the teachers via Internet using computers and other electronic devices both at home and college. The education system will make it possible for teachers to improve teaching materials and methods. This will not only make it possible for students to use online teaching materials during class but they will also be able to access these materials at home, using them to prepare for and review lessons. Utilization of cloud computing system will reduce the cost of operation because servers and learning materials are shared with other colleges.
HND – CS /Task-02
Computer System Mean?
A computer system is a basic, complete and functional computer,
Including all the hardware and software required to make it functional for any user.
It should have the ability to receive user input, processed data, create information for future storage and output.
Explain (computer system)
A computer system allows users to input, manipulate and store data. Computer systems typically include a computer, monitor, keyboard, mouse and other optional components. All of these components also can be integrated into all-in-one units, such laptop computers.
During the data processing stage, instruction sets, known as programs, are provided to let the system know what to do with the entered system data. Without these programs, the computer would not know how to process data that enters the system, and the data might be discarded. Known as a stored program computer, this type computer is the most common in use today. It is very flexible, as it can process any task by loading a program from storage. Computer system can work by themselves or access other devices that are external or connected with other computer system.
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Input, Process and Output
• A computer system is made up of three main parts.
Input
• A computer system accepts data and instruction at the input stage.
• Input devices, such as a keyboard or sensor, are used to collect and provide the computer system with data or instructions.
Process
• Data and instructions are processed by a central processing unit (CPU).
• A (CPU) is the computer system’s brain that can transform data from input devices into useful information or physical action.
• The (CPU) can process data really fast but it can’t think for itself. It only does what it is told to do by following instructions.
Output
• An output is when the computer communicates the results of the processed data.
• The data has been transformed into useful information that we can see and use.
• This information is usually shown on a display monitor or paper printout it should be easy for us to understand.
Explain to devices.
Peripherals,
? The term peripherals refer to all hardware devices that are attached to the computer
and are controlled by the computer system.
? Peripherals can be classified into input devices and output devices.
? Is a device that is connected to a host computer, but not part of it.
? It expands the host’s capabilities but does not from part of the core computer architecture.
? It is often, but not always, partially or completely dependent on the host.
Types of peripherals,
? There are three different types of peripherals.
? Input, used to interact with, or send data to the computer.
? Output, which provides output to the user from the computer.
? Storage, which stores data processed by the computer.
Internal(storage)
Primary,
(RAM- Random Access Memory)
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? RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of memory that computers used to store data and software to which it needs to access quickly.
? It is a volatile memory, that is, the information stored inside vanishes when the computer is turned off, although there are also RAM memories that do retain the information for example, flash memories.
? The stored data does not only vanish when the computer is turned off, but that is also must be eliminated when the file containing data is not being modified anymore.
? The computer will work faster depending on the quantity of gigabyte (or megabytes) of RAM memory it has installed in it.
(ROM-Read Only Memory)
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ROM usually stores the startup instructions for the computer, and it also helps to load the operating system.
For those types of ROM that can be electrically modified, writing speed is always much slower than reading speed, and it may need unusually high voltage. Modern flash devices achieve the highest writ speeds of any rewritable ROM technology, with speeds as high as MB/S (or 70ns/bit), by allowing large blocks of memory cells to be written simultaneously.
PROM
Programmable read-only memory (PROM), or one-time programmable ROM (OTP), can be written to or programmed. Typically, this device uses high voltages to permanently destroy or create internal links within the chip. Consequently, a PROM can only be programmed once.
EPROM
Erasable programmable read-only memory(EPROM) can be erased by exposure to strong ultraviolet light (typically for 10 minutes or longer), then rewritten with a process that again needs higher than usual voltage applied, repeated exposure to UV light will eventually wear out an EPROM, but the endurance of most EPROM chips exceeds 1000 cycles of erasing and reprogramming.
