INTRODUCTION
No ma wants to live in the shadow of another one’s power, while on the other hand man is always driven by ambition and greed to influence the other and controlling everyone who can be controlled by him. Hence, democracy was invented to alliveate the conflict between the instinct of chasig power and the will of equality, namely, democracy that stands as a system to prevent the resurgence of dictatorship and ensures sharing of powers between its rightful owners i.e The citizes of the state. However the principle of democracy never gets an upper hand with the struggle with hegemony in international relations. But What is Hegemony ? Hegemony derives from a Greek term that translates simply as “dominance over”, it was a term used to describe the relationship between cities-states in the olden times. Hegemony can, in simple terms be described as dominance of one country over the others. The dominance maybe political, economical, military or any other varying from time to time and country to country, but why do we need hegemony? According to the hegemonic stability theory, the presence of a hegemon (say, Britain in the 19th century and the United States after the Second World War, 1945) generates patterns of stability within the international system. The hegemon has a self-interest in the preservation of the system and is, therefore, prepared to underwrite the system’s security with its military might. At the same time, the hegemon is responsible for the formulation of the rules that govern interaction within the international system.
U.S. As a Hegemon:
The world after the World War-II was left with two surviving super powers that were the assembled states and the USSR. The Soviet Union and the Assembled States were in steady arms and ideological race in which one they both contributed vigriously. Both needed to be most grounded as far as innovation, economy and military. The war was a greater amount of belief system as both the super powers were nations with extraordinary philosophies.
The sudden fall of the Soviet Union shocked everybody. While one of the two superpowers stopped to exist, the other stayed with every one of its forces in place, stronger than before even upgraded. Along these lines, doubtlessly the US dominion started in 1991 after Soviet power vanished from the universal scene. The US didn’t begin carrying on like a hegemonic control appropriate from 1991; it turned out to be clear significantly later that the world was in certainty living in a time of administration.
To set up US Hegemony, we can utilize a few flashpoints in time that the world has seen.
The first of the occasions was the Vietnam War in 1965 (and the important end of the highest quality level in 1971), and the second was September eleventh, 2001. All realms crest when self-importance raises its revolting head, and in the U.S’s case it was Vietnam that activated it. As somebody excessively youthful, making it impossible to have been around amid the period of the “Red Risk” it is difficult to imagine the dread of the spread of Socialism that existed in America. Yet, it assuredly did, yielding various standoffs, encounters, and wars, (for example, the Korean clash and the Cuban rocket struggle) before the genuine harm happened in Vietnam. Some portion of the justification for Vietnam was the dread of socialism, especially the Russians, yet an equivalent part was the developing U.S. conviction that, on account of only 20 years of worldwide dominion, its convictions and standards, politically, financially, and socially,ought to be foisted onto whatever remains of the world, at any cost. That line of intuition is the thing that made the Egyptians and Romans into worldwide domains, and even the English so far as that is concerned. In any case, those were diverse circumstances, when overall correspondences and innovations were more constrained and secured, not at all like today where thoughts and procedures are promptly exchanged far and wide with the snap of a mouse. In this way, Vietnam was a structural point in U.S. history, speaking to the indicate that it began misuse its monetary preference, spread its military too thin, and sow the seeds of worldwide hatred. Also, much the same as Iraq it was a totally unwarranted war, began by promulgation in Washington focused at blending up “patriotism” In August 1990, Iraq attacked Kuwait, quickly possessing and in this manner adding it. After a progression of strategic endeavors fizzled at persuading Iraq to stop its animosity, the Assembled Countries commanded the freedom of Kuwait by drive. For the UN, this was a sensational choice following quite a while of stop amid the Icy War. The US President George H.W. Hedge hailed the rise of “another world request”. A gigantic coalition compel of 660,000 troops from 34 nations battled against Iraq and vanquished it in what came to be known as the Principal Inlet War. Nonetheless, the UN operation, which was called Operation Forsake Tempest was overwhelmingly American. An American general, Norman Schwarzkopf, drove the UN coalition and about 75 for each penny of the coalition strengths were from the US. In spite of the fact that the Iraqi President, Saddam Hussein, had guaranteed “the mother of all fights” the Iraqi strengths were immediately vanquished and compelled to pull back from Kuwait. The Main Inlet War uncovered the immense mechanical crevice that had opened up between the US military ability and that of different states. The profoundly announced utilization of purported savvy bombs by the US drove a few spectators to call this a PC war Boundless TV scope additionally made it a computer game war with watchers around the globe viewing the annihilation of Iraqi strengths live on television in the solace of their lounge rooms. Staggeringly, the US may really have made a benefit from the war. As indicated by many reports, the US got more cash from nations like Germany, Japan and Saudi Arabia than it had spent on the war. It obviously demonstrated the world the boundless mechanical crevice in military abilities of the world and the Unified State
TYPES OF HEGEMONY
According to patterns and methods taken by hegemonists to maintain hegemony, three different types of Hegemonies exist.
1. Strength Hegemony: Strength hegemony is the traditional hegemony. As the name itself suggests it emphasis on force, using force and threat against territory, integrity and political freedom of any country. Its philosophy is based on challenging the existing hegemon and its philosophies. The concept of strength hegemony can very well be studied in regard with the First World War, The Second World War and the advent of the Cold war too. The countries involved in the above stated wars can be quoted as perfect examples of strength hegemony as such countries worship and cherish the concept of strength and power. Their main aim and concerntration is on maintaining, developing and making use of their military and economic power. They tend to ignore international organizations and laws (as seen in the case of failure of League of Nations to prevent WW-II due to non co-operation by members) or acknowledge them as tools that serve their interests.
2. Institution Hegemony: Institution hegemony can be described as a way to consolidate existing hegemony structure through designing maintaining and enforcing international institutions. Its builds on the unchangeable power of hegemon such as a political or economical power. In other words Institution hegemony depends upon strength hegemony. However contrary to the latter it attaches its importance to the benevolent rule, that is, rule by virtue rather by force, which decides its emphasis on the importance of mutual interests instead of despotism, hegemon wins the support of other countries in the process of establishing international institutions. Through international institutions created according mostly to its will, hegemon co-operates with other main powers to rule the world.
3. Cultural Hegemony: Cultural hegemony ranks the highest amongst the all three hegemonies mentioned. It controls the world through dominating the international mainstream cultures. In practice cultural hegemony calls for the hegemon to take advantage of his political, cultural and institutional creation power to disseminate its value standard worldwide, influence other countries and gradually assimilate other. Hence, cultural hegemony emphasis over civil power, culture and value identity. Through achieving similar cultures, hegemon can better realize its aim of controlling the world.
