UAV Hardware system As for the research on aircraft control algorithm

UAV Hardware system
As for the research on aircraft control algorithm, firstly design the reasonable hardware system platform for aircraft in order that the platform could complete the posture detection, information integration, flight control, data link transmission, etc., of the aircraft 10. The structure design hardware system of the aircraft include five modules which are namely the control module, detection module, driving module, execution module and power module as shown in figure
1. Control module: The control module includes ground control equipment and a data transmission link which includes a wireless data transmission module which uses digital signal processing, digital modulation and demodulation, with frontal error correction, balanced soft resolution functions 4. The control module is the core module of aircraft control system, which is used to collect the data of each sensor of detection module, to combine the navigation information to conduct the real-time estimation on the moving position of the aircraft.
2. Detection module : Detection module is the sensor unit of aircraft design system which mainly includes many types of sensors such as the inertial measurement unit (IMU) which is contained an accelerometer and gyroscope, which are used to measure the real-time posture of aircraft, an electronic compass to measure the track angle of the aircraft relative to the geomagnetic field, a barometer to measure the real-time flight altitude of the aircraft, a Global Positioning System (GPS) module for measure and precise the location information of the aircraft relative to the terrestrial coordinate system and other extensible sensor measurement units, such as the Infrared sensor and Ultrasonic sonar for detecting and avoiding obstacles, etc.
3. Driving module: Driving module mainly refers to the Electron Speed Control (ESC).An ESC is a controller board with the main purpose to control the speed of a brushless motor on an aircraft. The ESCs receive signals from the microcontroller to deliver the power required to control the speed of the motors 8.
4. Execution module: Execution module is the aircraft entity, and its main actuator is the Brushless motors which are used to drive the propellers for achieving thrust to lift the aircraft. Brushless motors are used instead of brushed motors due to the much higher speeds and better power efficiency. They do not have power lost in the brush-transition found on brushed motors …The Brushless motor is widely used in the small-sized motor UAV because it has rapid response speed, and also has a property of avoidance the noise and abrasion brought due to mechanical friction without electric spark so it’s more safety.
5. Power module: Power module supplies the aircraft system with power, which is divided into two parts which are the control power supply part and dynamical power supply part. Control electricity mainly supplies the flight controller of control module and the electron component in sensor part with power of detection module. Dynamical electricity supplies the aircraft actuator with power, such as the lithium polymer battery, and the power supply voltage depends on the number of batteries on the aircraft. The separation of control electricity and dynamical electricity, which can allow the control part and the operative part to operate independently thus ensuring the safety of aircraft and operator.