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The standards of legitimate proficient direct concerning the rights and obligations of medical nurses themselves, their patients, and their practitioners, and in addition their activities under the watchful eye of patients and in relations with their families(BJ Russell – ?2011). In that context, therefore, it has to be guided by laws and ethics that define how processes need to be done. There are set organization and legal agencies that guide on the nursing and midwifery board requirements that guide on the way nurses and midwives should operate in their respective working fields and fraternities (Levati, 2014). The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) introduced two major new initiatives to support nurses and midwives to provide safe care to the public during the past year, according to information published by the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) today in its 2015/16 annual report. The ethics and laws set in place help in controlling nurses and midwives to act within their codes of professionalism as well as safe patients from risks relate to the care that is to be delivered to them. Therefore, nurses have to acknowledge their accountability, liability, responsibilities and professional competency through the observation of the code of ethics and laws put in place. They should do this by understanding their respect and accountancy of their actions, maintaining their professional competency and setting their practicing values above all other interests in order to attain their professional standards within the drawn ethics and legal guidelines set down for the nursing field. Understanding the ethical and legal laws governing this will enable nurses to deal with dilemmas that might arise within their practice (McDonald & Then 2014).
With regard to nursing, reflection is a fundamental tool for learning. The concept of reflection is assumed as a human response to the experience, where learners recapture their experience, think about it, meditate it, and evaluate it (Stephen and Melainie, 2017). In fact, reflection has been increasingly recognized in nursing practice, not only to support nurses in recognizing their strengths and weaknesses (Somerville & Keeling, 2004), but also to overcome the existing gap between nursing theory and practice, and expand the body of nursing knowledge integrated into practice ( Johns, 2002).Nonetheless, intelligent practice is significantly more vital in clinical settings, on the grounds that this is the place future medical attendants make the association between the procured hypothetical learning and the genuine clinical practice, which is described by Unconventionality and requires reflection on decision making. The nursing care required the day by day purging what’s more, dressing of the extracted zone. I was acquainted with the understanding, and verbal assent was acquired from the patient for me to watch the dressing system. For the principal phase of the cycle, Gibbs empowers a portrayal of the occasions. The story was extremely basic and simple to pass on. Gibbs’ learning cycle is proper for accounts for example, mine, as my thoughts and sentiments were essential parts of this reflection. Following the depiction of the story I was in a situation to focus on the vital components. Not every single account of episodes are compact, yet, I intentionally attempted to alter the portrayal in request to profit by a coordinated approach managing my considerations and emotions specifically after the clarification of the episode. Considering the Gibbs reflection model will help greatly in this write up, I’ll apply in helping me apply knowledge, experience and skills acquired in my clinical placement with consideration in my future career( Niederriter et al, 2017)
Case Study One
Individual staff conduct majorly affects whether dangers to patients’ nobility, for example, parts of the hospital facility condition and patients’ hindered well-being, really prompt loss of dignity. The hospital facility condition could be exceptionally helpful for respect yet the conduct of individual staff with singular patients will in any case unequivocally impact these patients’ encounters of respect. Staff conduct has an especially solid impact about whether patients lose dignity or not during intimate care. For patients to feel that their dignity is well taken care of, the staff should communicate in a way that helps patients to feel great, in charge and esteemed.
With regard to the situation presented in this case study; there are a lot of violations of the code of ethics and regulations that govern the conduct of nurses and their respective observances in their duty that leads to the law of malpractice, misconduct, or breach of duty by a professional that results in injury/damage to a patient (Reising & Allen, 2007). To prove malpractice, there are 4 elements that must be proven by the plaintiff: the nurse had a duty to the patient, the nurse breached the duty, a patient injury occurred, and there was a causal relationship between the breach of duty and the patient injury (Reising, 2012) According to Reising and Allen, common malpractice claims arise against nurses when nurses fail to:
• Assess and monitor.
• Follow standards of care.
• Use equipment in a responsible manner.
• Communicate.
• Document.
The fact that the nursing student has been in placement and has gone through nursing classes should have an extensive knowledge on the code of conduct that should be observed (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2017). The nursing student breached into the registered nurses act that gives an overview of the codes of conduct and behavioral consideration of nurses and the nurses to be. Therefore, the student nurse did not operate within this act. Additionally, civil liability act is also an involved law that states that the nursing student should prevent any harm towards the patient. The student also breached the nursing and midwifery board act of Australia by slapping the patient (Tarling, 2016).
The implication of this is that the nursing student is not quite fit for the nursing field with reference to the health practitioner’s regulation national law that demands that all students and the nursing professionals should embrace the good conduct that is required and outlined in the act (Roussel et al 2016 the student nurse has greatly violated the code of nursing conduct. As an applied discipline and profession, “doing it right” (Oberle $ Raffin Bouchal, 2009 p. 3) is at the very core of nursing and a commitment to caring and to the patient. Right and wrong, should and should not, or “ought to or ought not to” (Oberle $ Raffin Bouchal, 2009 p. 3) the core of ethics, move beyond the idea of what is technically right or wrong or what evidence suggests is best practice I too feel by not reporting the student to the leader nurse will be violating the health ombudsman code thereby advancing the violations occurring in the placement.
Reflection
A reflection of myself in this is when I witnessed a registered nurse handling a hostile patient. Due to the understanding that she possesses, she was very gentle with the patient and managed to calm her down despite the hostility that the patient focused on her. From this situation, I believe that throughout my profession in the nursing field, I will always strive to act as the registered nurse acted, honesty, patience, cheerfulness, kindness, being practical, and etc. as the basic elements of the individual features of nursing instructors in promoting professional ethical competence in regard to respecting the nursing codes of conduct (Westrick, 2016).
Conclusion
Every nurse and nurse researcher has a duty to ensure they uphold the ethical principles to safeguard their patients (NMBA 2013). An appreciation of the history behind the development of codes of conduct and ethics can only reinforce the importance of ensuring patient safety when undertaking research. Following appropriate guidelines and making certain the correct avenues are followed for gaining ethical research consent and permission will aid in protecting participants and researchers from inappropriate research.
Case Study Two
Alcohol is Australia’s most widely used social drug, but it can cause significant harm to people and society, especially when consumed in excess. To control the effects of alcohol on individuals and the community, every Australian state and territory has laws governing the use and service of alcohol. Especially we welcome the illumination to the area ‘Practice while inebriated by liquor or medications’ (section 140(a)). We know about warnings made to AHPRA which proposed that practitioner may have rehearsed while inebriated, while the confirmation supporting this was just that the expert may have gone to the work environment the day following being seen at a private social capacity at which liquor was expended. (Background to the Health Ombudsman Act 2013 (Qld) and relationship with National Law)The Health Ombudsman Act commenced on 1 July 2014 and is the single point of entry for all health service complaints in Queensland. The Health Ombudsman deals with complaints relating to health practitioners registered under the National Law, as well as health practitioners that are not registered. The mandatory notification obligation applies to all practitioners and employers of practitioners in relation to the notifiable conduct of practitioners. The obligation applies to practitioners in all registered health professions, not just those in the same health profession as the practitioner. It also applies where the notifying practitioner is also the treating practitioner for a practitioner, except in Western Australia and Queensland in certain circumstances (see Section 4 Exceptions to the requirement of practitioners to make a mandatory notification of these guidelines for details). This notification was provided in circumstances where the notifier had no knowledge of whether the practitioner was even rostered to work. Nurses are widely recognized as being inseparably linked to patient safety and an indispensable ‘front line’ defense that protects patients from the harmful effects of health care errors and preventable adverse events (Page 2014; Savitz, Jones & Bernard 2015). In its position statement on patient safety, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) holds that patient safety is integral to the provision of quality nursing care (International Council of Nurses 2012). Whilst there are factors specific to nursing, there are many other factors which influence alcohol and other drug use by nurses, which are unrelated to the profession. Other factors include price, availability, vulnerability due to depression, anxiety and/or grief, and activities which are part of an alcohol consuming community. (Booth 1985).
The fact that student nurse is engaged in alcohol abuse following a previous relationship break up. This is generally going to affect the quality of care that the student is going to deliver to the patients. In that context, therefore, there will be a breach of the registered nurse act that requires that the nurses and the student nurses should uphold the value of quality (Johnstone, Bluff & Clayton, 2014). Additionally, the student nurse exposes the work health and safety act into jeopardy which states that patients should be protected from exposure to risks of injury and related effects resulting from recklessness and carelessness of the intoxicated student nurse. There is also a breach of the nursing act and the civil liability act (Sue Carter DeLaune, ?Patricia K. Ladner, ?Lauren McTier – 2016) laws that define the code of conduct and negligence. Based on the stated laws and ethical considerations put in place by the nursing fraternity, there is likely violation of nursing observations that the nursing student is likely to commit due to the alcohol intoxication. There is also a breach in the law that requires for mandatory notification to the administration concerning breach of ethical issues. In that context, therefore there is violation of ethical codes of conduct (Zahedi, 2012) that require that nurses should not report to work when they are intoxicated for the respect of their job duties and observance of what the system demands (Hughes et al, 2014).
The implications of this to the healthcare facility are that the student needs a certain degree of counseling and consideration as far as the student’s mental state is concerned. In that context, therefore, the healthcare facility should launch a counseling unit (B Allegranzi, D Pittet, 2009) within the healthcare facility. This will greatly help in ensuring that the nursing students are well educated and informed in terms of the codes of observations that need to be learned and respected (Forrester ; Griffiths, 2011). Therefore, the student nurses will make entry into the field with maximum knowledge about the codes of ethics that govern the nursing field.
Reflection
A personal experience that I can relate to is a situation where I noticed a drunken doctor give up on administering to a patient and requested for another doctor to come and represent him. Due to his knowledge about the codes of conduct that should be employed in the nursing care, he could not breach the act of registered nursing (A Cashin – ?2017) that put much weight on the value of quality. From this scenario, I will grow up knowing that the code of ethics and conduct is a great measure of maturity into the nursing fraternity.
Conclusion
Therefore, I will avoid all aspects that will lead me into jeopardizing the required ethics and legal frameworks of the nursing professionalism (Cusack et al, 2013) therefore, complying with any reporting obligations that apply to practice and seeking advice from the boards or professional indemnity insurer if practitioners are unsure about their obligations. I have given appropriate intelligent recommendation to encourage the understudy and furthermore said in the event that one works under the impact of medications or liquor, it goes under required detailing obligation of the individual to report it to the enlisted expert under the National Law.
Case Study Three
Based on the ethics and laws of healthcare systems and guidance, respect for patients and their valuables is of great importance in paying respect to the ethics guiding health laws. Based on what has transpired between the RM and the nursing student concerning the valuables of the patient, I believe that the nurse student breached the context of good conduct as far as nursing ethics are concerned (Chitty, 2015). There is the breach of the criminal and corruption act. The student has violated the requirement that nurses and nursing students should respect the property of their patients. This is a show of standard quality of service that is delivered in a trustworthy environment. Therefore, by not respecting the patient’s property as well breaches the registered nurse act that controls the basic conduct of nurses and the nurse students under placement. The health practitioner regulation national law is also in violation given the fact that it gives the basis of all working frameworks of nurses (Bulman & Schutz, 2013).
The implication to the healthcare facility as a result of this event is that there is need for emphasis on the respect to the codes of ethics to be put into consideration in the nursing health laws. In that aspect, therefore, more emphasis when training the student nurses should be put on the laws that are applicable when violations in the nursing facilities are made. For that reason, therefore empowering nursing students to put into practice all that the nursing ethics and health law state is of great concern (Buka, 2014). The personal experience that I can relate to is when I noticed a registered nurse almost lose her job due to the loss of a patient’s possessions. Based on the fact that the nurse was in administration during the admitting of the patient, she was supposed to be fully responsible for her possessions. Therefore, the loss stipulated violation of her job ethics and inconsideration of the patient’s possessions thus making her liable for punishment. From this scenario.
Reflection
This requires self-reflection and participation in relevant professional development, practice improvement and performance-appraisal processes to continually develop professional capabilities. These activities must continue through a practitioner’s working life as science and technology develop and society changes. I have learned that, as a practicing nurse am not only responsible for patients’ medicine-related issues but also their possessions (Atkins, Britton & Lacey, 2014). Therefore, in my profession as a nurse, I will keep in mind all the ethos and laws that apply in the nursing field to avoid violations that I can escape.
Conclusion
Being aware of the principles of open disclosure and a non-punitive approach to incident management; a useful reference is the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care’s National Open Disclosure Standard available at www.safetyandquality.gov.au. Participating in systems for surveillance and monitoring of adverse events and ‘near misses’, including reporting such events and finally working in practice and within systems to reduce error and improve the property safety of patients or clients and supporting colleagues who raise concerns about the safety of patients or clients.
